Caracas, Venezuela/Georgetown, Guyana
Reuters
Venezuelans are voting on Sunday in a referendum backed by President Nicolas Maduro’s government over a potentially oil-rich territory that is the subject of a long-running border dispute with Guyana.
The five-question referendum includes a question rejecting International Court of Justice jurisdiction to decide to which country the territory around the Esequibo River belongs. Some political and security analysts have called the referendum a show of strength by Maduro and a test of support for his government ahead of a planned 2024 presidential election.
People look at the electoral lists on the day of an electoral referendum concerning Venezuela’s rights to the potentially oil-rich region of Esequiba in Guyana, in Caracas, Venezuela, on 3rd December, 2023. PICTURE: Reuters/Leonardo Fernandez Viloria
The court said in April it had jurisdiction, though a final ruling on the matter could be years away. Venezuela has said the issue should be resolved by the two countries.
On Friday, the court responded to a request from Guyana to halt the referendum, ordering Venezuela to refrain from taking any action that would alter the status quo, without expressly forbidding the vote. Both countries hailed the ruling as backing their position.
Maduro has encouraged voters to approve the referendum.
“The first effect that the powerful, united voice of Venezuela should have is to sit with the president of Guyana and go back to the Geneva agreement,” President Nicolas Maduro said after voting.
“Let’s hope the people speak, speak strong and speak clearly.”
At issue is a 160,000 square kilometre region that is mostly thick jungle. Venezuela reactivated its claim over the territory in recent years after the discovery of offshore oil and gas.
“The purpose of [Maduro’s] government is to send a message of strength to Guyana,” Central University of Venezuela politics professor Ricardo Sucre said.
Maduro would prefer that Guyana adhere to a 1966 agreement for a bilateral solution, Sucre said, and is also thinking of potential oil and gas developments. The maritime border between the two countries is also in dispute.
Political analysts have said they expect voters to approve the proposal given the lack of any “no” campaign against it in Venezuela and the likelihood that voters who are opposed will stay home.
The referendum is “consultative” and there is no minimum number of votes for its approval.
A member of Venezuelan Armed Forces stands on the day of an electoral referendum concerning Venezuela’s rights to the potentially oil-rich region of Esequiba in Guyana, in Caracas, Venezuela, on 3rd December, 2023. PICTURE: Reuters/Leonardo Fernandez Viloria
The vote is taking place across 11,122 voting centres across the country and centers Reuters visited had few or no people waiting in line. In Maracaibo, in the oil-rich state of Zulia, poll workers told Reuters that turnout was low.
“We have to vote for the defence of our nation because the Esequibo belongs to us and we can’t leave it to the gringos (Americans)” Carmen Pereira, an 80-year-old retiree, told Reuters at a voting centre in Caracas.
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Polls were scheduled to close at 1800 local time, but authorities extended voting by two additional hours.
“The government is holding the referendum for internal reasons,” said Benigno Alarcon, director of the Center for Political Studies at Caracas’ Andres Bello Catholic University. “It needs to test its electoral machinery.”
“If the opposition joins together and there is a willingness to participate (in the 2024 election) by Venezuelans, Maduro is out,” added security analyst Rocio San Miguel. “He is activating a scenario of conflict” to perhaps suspend the election.
The Sunday vote has caused anxiety in Guyana, with the government urging citizens to keep calm. Some in Georgetown voiced relief after the ICJ ruling on Friday.
“I feel the court made a right decision…I can breathe a bit easy now,” said vegetable seller Kim Rampersaud, 41.
Brazil said on Wednesday it had intensified “defensive actions” along its northern border amid the territorial dispute.
– With reporting by MARIELA NAVA in Maracaibo; MIRCELY GUANIPA in Maracay; TIBISAY ROMERO in Valencia; and KIANA WILBURG in Georgetown
