United States
RNS
Born into a tech-saturated world shaken by domestic terrorism, ecological devastation and economic instability, Gen-Zers are more likely to report mental health concerns like anxiety and depression than older generations. In many ways, the pandemic has forced mental health discourse into the limelight, prompting the US surgeon general to issue an advisory last December on COVID-19’s “devastating” impact on youth mental health.
A new study of 13–25-year-olds, from Springtide Research Institute, suggests spirituality could be part of the remedy – though for some young people, it also contributes to the problem.
“I think religion…is a place to find belonging. It’s a place to connect with a higher purpose, which is a calling from God in my understanding,” said Mark, 22, an interviewee cited in the report. “I think it’s also, for many people, a restriction of freedom and sort of obligation, which creates a lot of shame in people’s lives.”
In general, the report — which is based on qualitative interviews as well as fielded surveys – finds that having religious/spiritual beliefs, identities, practices and communities are all correlated with better mental wellness among youth.
A majority of all young people (57 per cent) and nearly three-quarters of religious young people (73 per cent) surveyed agree their religious or spiritual practices positively impact their mental health. Many participants cite prayer as playing a role in their spiritual practice – 51 per cent said they started praying regularly during the pandemic – and 74 per cent of participants who pray daily say they are flourishing, compared to 57 per cent who never pray.
Spiritual beliefs and community identity also correlate with positive mental health. Seventy-four per cent of young people who identify as “very religious” say they agree or strongly agree that they are “in good physical and emotional condition,” compared to 42 per cent of non-religious young people. Seven in 10 young people (70 per cent) currently connected to a spiritual or religious community report having “discovered a satisfying life purpose”, as compared to 55 per cent of those who used to be connected to such a community.
Forty-two per cent of those who feel highly connected to a higher power report they are “flourishing a lot” in their emotional and mental health, compared to 16 per cent of those who say they do not feel at all connected to a higher power.
Still, findings are complex – 27 per cent of religiously affiliated youth say they are “flourishing a lot”, but 28 per cent also say they are “not flourishing,” a finding that suggests simply being affiliated with a religion is not a mental health cure-all.
In interviews, participants also spoke about how religion can negatively impact their mental health.
“[Y]oung people make it clear that religion feels toxic when it is primarily presented as a pressure to live up to difficult expectations, rather than a vehicle for helping them navigate their current difficulties,” the report says.
In a virtual press conference on Wednesday, Josh Packard, Springtide’s executive director, noted it can be hard to predict which religious environments will harm mental health more than help.
“Anything at the extremes is not very good for you,” said Packard, “but I don’t think that extremism has to be objectively fixed on a continuum from low to high.” He noted how, for a nonbinary person, for example, a mainstream church or synagogue that doesn’t welcome their identity may feel extreme.
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The report’s findings come from a survey of nearly 10,000 young people in the US ages 13 to 25 conducted between November, 2021, and March, 2022, and contain a margin of error of plus or minus three per cent. The report also includes qualitative data from interviews with over 100 young people.
The report proposes three ways for organisations to effectively address youth mental health: foster belonging, provide practical tools to meet expectations and nurture a sense of purpose in young people. It also includes practical advice for faith leaders.
“Leading with that message of unconditional love doesn’t have to be a watering down of other parts of a tradition,” the report says. It also encourages leaders to lean into uncertainty. “[S]eeking answers and leaning into mystery can both be holy activities for young people as they navigate some of life’s biggest questions.”
At the same time, the report acknowledges young people aren’t flocking to religious institutions. Instead, many have a more fluid approach to spirituality – 62 per cent of young people agree that “there are parts of many religions/spiritualities that I agree with”, according to the report, and 48 per cent agree they could “fit in with many different religions/spiritualities”.
“One of the things that has shifted in our society over the last 50 years is the level at which people trust institutions of all kinds, not just religious institutions,” Packard said. Given this, religious communities may need to innovate when it comes to the ways they connect with young people, according to Packard.
He referenced OneTable, a non-profit that encourages young people to host in-person Shabbat dinners, as well as Christian campus ministries that meet in coffee shops, as examples of groups supporting youth “outside of the walls” of traditional religion.
Even as the shape of religion evolves, Packard says faith and spirituality will remain crucial tools for youth going forward.
“Theology matters…your purpose for being on Earth is something only this segment of the population has cornered the market on.”
