Wildfires on Hawaii’s Maui island and Big Island have killed at least 55 people, forced thousands of residents and tourists to evacuate, and devastated the historic resort city of Lahaina. Here are some key questions and answers about the disaster.
A view of the charred remains after wildfires engulfed the historic town of Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii, US, on 9th August, 2023. PICTURE: Erin Hawk/Handout via Reuters
How did the fires start?
The causes of the fires, which started on Tuesday night, have not yet been determined. However, the National Weather Service had issued warnings for the Hawaiian Islands for high winds and dry weather – conditions ripe for wildfires – which it canceled late Wednesday.
Nearly 85 per cent of US wildfires are caused by humans, according to the US Forest Service. Natural causes include lightning and volcanic activity.
In Hawaii, less than one per cent of fires are due to natural causes, according to Elizabeth Pickett, co-executive director of the Hawaii Wildfire Management Organization. The Hawaiian Islands have six active volcanoes, including one on Maui.
Record-setting heat this summer has contributed to unusually severe wildfires in Europe and western Canada. Scientists say climate change, driven by fossil fuel use, has led to more frequent and more powerful extreme weather events.
What’s driving the Hawaii wildfires?
Winds from Hurricane Dora, hundreds of miles southwest of the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean, have fanned the flames across the US state, officials say.
In addition to Dora, a low-pressure system to the west near Japan is also contributing to the high sustained winds. Dry vegetation is also a contributing factor.
The spread of flammable non-native grasses such as Guinea grass in areas of former farmland and forest have created large amounts of small, easily ignited materials that increase the risk and severity of fire. Such grasses comprise 26 per cent of Hawaii, according to Pickett.
Where are the fires? How contained are they?
The fires have caused widespread devastation in Lahaina, a beach resort city of about 13,000 people on north-western Maui that was once a whaling centre and the Hawaiian Kingdom’s capital and now draws two million tourists a year.
As of Thursday evening, the Lahaina fire was 80 per cent contained, while the Pulehu fire, burning to the east, was 70 per cent contained. There was no estimate for the Upcountry fire in the mountainous centre of the eastern mass of the island, Maui County said.
The fires have also scorched parts of the Big Island.
Some 271 structures were destroyed or damaged, the Honolulu Star-Advertiser said, citing official reports from the US Civil Air Patrol and Maui Fire Department.
Hawaii is an archipelago about 3,200 kilometres west of the US mainland. It is made up of eight main islands, including Hawaii, known as the Big Island. The island of Maui lies to the north and west of the island of Hawaii.
