Guatemala City, Guatemala
Reuters
Guatemalans fed up with persistent graft scandals on Sunday catapulted an unheralded anti-corruption candidate into a run-off for the presidency, raising hopes of a renewed drive to clean up the government after years of frustration.
Bernardo Arevalo, an ex-diplomat and son of former President Juan Jose Arevalo, defied poll forecasts to finish as runner-up in the first round of voting in Guatemala’s presidential election, throwing a major surprise into what had been written off as a stale election between establishment politicians.
Presidential candidate for the Semilla party Bernardo Arevalo holds a rally at the Parque Central a day after the first round of Guatemala’s presidential election, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, on 26th June, 2023. PICTURE: Reuters/Josue Decavele
Arevalo, 64, is the standard-bearer of the centre-left Semilla, a party founded in 2017 whose previous contender, Thelma Aldana, was a crusading attorney general instrumental in the arrest and prosecution for corruption of now-jailed former president Otto Perez.
“The vote for Semilla and Bernardo was an act of resistance against a corrupt and conservative state we’ve been living with for years, and shows hope from his father’s story,” said Nicol Estrada, a 19-year-old student.
Underlining voter frustration with the status-quo, nearly a quarter of ballots counted were either spoiled or left blank. Businessman Carlos Pineda, the early front-runner, urged supporters to spoil their vote after he was barred from standing.
Will Freeman, a fellow for Latin America studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, argued that Arevalo’s success was partly due to Guatemala’s “elite” helping to unite the opposition by barring several challengers.
“This is a guy who was polling at 0.7 per cent just a few weeks ago,” he said.
The number of spoiled ballots and voters unhappy with the system could benefit Arevalo in the 20th August second round, said Hugo Novales, an independent political analyst in Guatemala.
Arevalo, who has called corruption a “cancer eating away” at Guatemala, will face former First Lady Sandra Torres in the run-off. Torres, running in her third presidential contest, won 15.8 per cent of the first-round vote to Arevalo’s 11.8 per cent.
The run-off could put the spotlight on cleaning up politics.
Arevalo has vowed to “purge institutions co-opted by the corrupt” and to get people committed to what he called the fight for justice to return to Guatemala.
“One of our objectives is to bring back all the prosecutors, judges and journalists who have been persecuted unjustly by this regime and who find themselves in exile,” he told reporters.
Arevalo has also promised to spur competition in the economy, which is dominated by a tight-knit elite.
Newspapers are seen at a kiosk a day after the first round of Guatemala’s presidential election, in Guatemala City, Guatemala, on 26th June, 2023. PICTURE: Reuters/Josue Decavele
Torres, who leads the center-left National Unity of Hope (UNE), fell foul in 2019 of the now defunct UN-backed International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala, which accused her of breaking campaign finance rules and illicit association.
In the end, the case against Torres, who spent four months under arrest, was dropped for lack of evidence. She denies all wrongdoing.
Opinion polls have suggested the 67-year-old Torres will struggle to win the run-off given her unpopularity in the capital, Guatemala City, home to much of the electorate.
“I think that as long as Torres’ anti-vote stays high, around 41 per cent, my money is on Arevalo,” said Freeman, of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Tackling elites
A renewed drive to tackle corruption would likely face stiff resistance from powerful interests.
Semilla’s previous presidential contender, attorney Aldana, was ultimately prevented from running in 2019 by Guatemala’s top court due to allegations of financial wrongdoing which she said were politically motivated because of her work with the CICIG.
Aldana later sought asylum in the US, while current President Alejandro Giammattei himself became embroiled in corruption allegations, which he denies.
The potent legacy of the corruption-busting group continues to inspire anti-graft campaigners in Guatemala.
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Arevalo says he sees himself as continuing the work of his leftist father, Juan Jose, who ushered in a decade of democratic and economic reforms that angered the ruling elite and saw his successor ousted in a US-backed military coup in 1954.
Under outgoing President Giammattei, tensions with the US have flared up over resistance by the administration to tackling corruption inside government.
Guatemala has slumped to an all-time low on watchdog Transparency International’s corruption perceptions index.
The election has inspired hope for change.
The former head of CICIG, Ivan Velasquez, now Colombia’s defense minister, congratulated Guatemala on Twitter after the vote and quoted words from the late Guatemalan poet and human rights activist Julia Esquivel.
“You can cut all the flowers, but spring will always return. You will blossom, Guatemala.”
