GRACIELA IBÁÑEZ, writing for Religion Unplugged, reports on the history – and future – of St Paul’s Cathedral in Valparaíso…
Valparaíso, Chile
Religion Unplugged
Every Sunday the Anglican cathedral of St Paul in Valparaíso opens its doors at noon to welcome visitors who come to listen to concerts on its organ. This routine on the century-old organ has kept the church alive for the last 30 years.
Built in 1858, St Paul’s used to bring together the British community that settled in Valparaíso, the country’s main port, following Chile’s independence from the Spanish Empire in 1818. The city had become a hub for immigrants, led by the British and Germans, who were followed by the Italians, French and Spanish.
Over the 20th century, those communities immigrated to the neighbouring city of Viña del Mar or to the capital, Santiago. With fewer parishioners to serve, St Paul’s deteriorated. The situation was dire when Oenone Gray, along with her friend Roland Geddes, who passed away in 2003, launched a joint effort to save the church.
Visitors to St Paul’s in Valparaíso, Chile, celebrate Queen Elizabeth’s Platinum Jubilee on 5th June, with organ music played by Ítalo Olivares. PICTURE: Graciela Ibáñez
The now 88-year-old Gray, along with Geddes and Jorge Cavajal, a native of Valparaíso, started St Paul’s restoration committee in 1990. Water was coming inside the church on rainy days. The organ with the inscription VIR for Victoria Imperatrix Regina had one of its sides about to fall. Many of the organ’s notes didn’t sound, so Geddes focused on the Queen Victoria Memorial Organ.
“He loved music,” Gray said. “He began going to the church and started fixing the organ.”
“The organ in St Paul’s is one of the best in Chile. And it’s alive. You can listen to its music.”
– Ítalo Olivares, who has been playing the organ since 1980.
Built by Forster and Andrews in England, the Queen Victoria Memorial Organ arrived in Valparaíso in 1902, and its installation was finished in 1903. The previous one was sold to the neighbouring Lutheran church. An 8.2-magnitude earthquake in 1906 destroyed much of the city and damaged the new organ.
Forster and Andrews staff came to Valparaíso to restore it in 1910, and for the next 80 years it underwent minimal repairs, said Ítalo Olivares, who has been playing the organ since 1980. Geddes passed on his passion for fixing the instrument to Christian Sundt, an organist who is now in charge of its maintenance.
“The organ in St Paul’s is one of the best in Chile,” said the 64-year-old Olivares. “And it’s alive. You can listen to its music.”
The organ has 33 families of tubes and 1,604 pipes of different sizes, according to the church’s website. Chile lacks an organist culture compared to neighboring Argentina or to countries in Europe. Many of these instruments have deteriorated, and there’s no interest in repairing them, Olivares said about the situation in Chile. He came to St Paul’s as a music student and asked the pastor for permission to practice. The pastor agreed, on the condition that he play for free at the Sunday service. He has remained organist at St Paul’s ever since.
St Paul’s Cathedral. PICTURE: Graciela Ibáñez
English engineer William Henry Lloyd, who had come to Chile to build railway bridges, erected St Paul’s. It was a time when there was no religious freedom in Chile, so the new building had to be discreet. It had small windows and no main door. It also had no spire, cross or bell tower on the outside. The goal was that the building would seem like just one more house in the Cerro Concepción hill, where the British community had settled along with the Germans.
St Paul’s was the first Anglican church in Chile and on the west coast of South America. Partial religious freedom arrived seven years after it was erected, in 1865. In 1979 the Chilean Government declared St Paul’s a historical monument. In 2016 it became a cathedral.
Built in a neo-Gothic style with a single nave, the church covers a surface of 5,415 square feet. Lloyd employed avant-garde techniques by using laminated Oregon pine beams attached with nails and screws to form the ceiling arches. The building has a choir and a chancel separated by a root screen from the nave. It also has a baptistery with three stained glass windows behind.
At the time of St Paul’s construction, Valparaíso was a thriving port. Its location on the sea route through Cape Horn to and from Europe helped foster trade and develop the nascent Chile. In 1840, British and German immigrants started urbanising today’s touristy Cerro Concepción and the neighbouring Cerro Alegre hill. St Paul’s registries show that seamen, merchants, masons, piano builders, shipbuilders, musicians, smiths, candle makers, artists and engineers were among those who attended the church, according to its website.
While the Italians were more numerous by the end of the 19th century, the British were more influential. In 1823, they started a project with the Germans to build a new cemetery that was later called Dissidents Cemetery. It was located in today’s Panteón hill. The area was then on the outskirts of the city. Today it’s also a touristy spot half a mile from Cerro Concepción.
For decades this cemetery was the only place in Chile where Protestants could be buried. Following the construction of the cemetery, the British community built St Paul’s.
“My great grandfather was one of the first who gave money for the construction of the church,” said Gray. Her parents got married there. Then she, her daughter and her grandson did. Four generations of her family have walked down the same aisle.
In 1995, the restoration committee launched a program called Music in the Heights – “Música en las alturas” in Spanish – to attract visitors. These 30-to-45-minute free organ concerts are played every Sunday at 12:30pm and are the only organ concerts in Chile held on a regular basis. Each Sunday, 20 to 30 people attend – tourists visiting Valparaíso and people who come especially to listen to the organ.
“The relationship with the public is very warm,” said Olivares.
Inside St Paul’s Cathedral. PICTURE: Graciela Ibáñez
“The organ was always the heartbeat of the church,” said Gray. When she and Geddes began to work together, there was no longer an Anglican community to fill the building. “So it occurred to us to do something with music,” she said. “All of this has been absolutely quixotic,” she added with a laugh.
In recent years, Christine Evans, a former teacher at St Margaret’s British School for Girls in Viña del Mar, and Gray’s niece Michelle Prain, a university professor and author of the book British Legacy in Valparaíso, joined the committee. In the restoration process, they have received donations from neighbours, friends and a local firm.
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Other sources of income include renting out St Paul’s for weddings and music lessons and donations from visitors who attend the Sunday concerts. The Anglican Episcopal Church Corporation gives a subsidy that covers water and electricity bills, and the Cerro Concepción’s neighborhood union helps by painting the graffiti when it appears on the walls of the church, said Evans.
Fixing the gutters, repairing the glass windows and changing the flooring are the current most pressing issues. The cathedral has 20 stained glass windows that were imported from England in the late 19th century and early 20th century. With earthquakes and tremors so common in Chile, “the stained glass windows have bent, and some have broken,” said Prain.
Instead of the regular concert, on Sunday, 5th June, St Paul’s celebrated Queen Elizabeth’s Platinum Jubilee. There was a service presided by the Bishop of Valparaíso and attended by British descendants, the British ambassador to Chile, students from the four British schools in Viña del Mar and firemen from the 11th Fire Company “George Garland,” which was founded by 13 British citizens in Valparaíso in 1901.
Everyone listened to the organ played by Olivares, who had both the Chilean and the British national anthems in his repertoire. It was a sunny day in which the organ proved once again to be the heartbeat of the church.
