US Catholic commentator THOMAS REESE, in an article first published on Religion News Service, says the Pope has made the College of Cardinals more Asian and African – and more likely to elect a successor who will follow his policies…
Via RNS
With the appointment of 16 new cardinal electors, Pope Francis continues remaking the College of Cardinals with an emphasis on the person rather than the location of the bishop. Nowhere has that emphasis been more evident than in the United States, where he chose to elevate Bishop Robert McElroy of San Diego, while once again skipping over more senior bishops in traditionally cardinatial cities such as Los Angeles and Philadelphia.
He has also made the electors less Italian and less Eastern European but more Asian and African than they were when he was elected in 2013.
Pope Francis leaves after presiding over a consistory inside St Peter’s Basilica, at the Vatican, on 5th October, 2019. PICTURE: AP Photo/Andrew Medichini/File photo.
Francis has also reduced the portion of the electors who are from the Vatican Curia from 35 per cent at the 2013 conclave to 24 per cent now.
With the appointment of these cardinals, Francis is setting the stage for the election of his successor.
San Diego has never had a cardinal, whereas Los Angeles (the largest archdiocese in the country) and Philadelphia (one of the oldest) would have been considered cardinatial sees in the past. McElroy is a strong supporter of Francis and his concern for the environment, immigrants and the poor. He has not favored withholding Communion from abortion-rights politicians.
This preference for person over place was followed in appointments elsewhere. Of the 16 appointees, five are simple bishops, not archbishops. In Italy, for example, Bishop Oscar Cantoni of Como was made a cardinal, but neither the archbishops of Venice nor Milan were.
When Francis first did this in 2014, it was revolutionary, but he has continued this pattern whenever he has appointed cardinals.
The new cardinals will be created at a consistory on 27th August, which will bring the number of cardinal electors – those under 80 years of age – to 132. Although Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at 120, popes have ignored this limit. Under John Paul II, the college reached an all-time high of 135.
Francis has also dramatically increased the portion of the college coming from Asia and Africa. After the August consistory, 16 per cent of the cardinals will be from Asia and 13 per cent from Africa. At the conclave that elected Francis, the percentages were only 9.4 for each continent.
Losing in this reallocation were Italy (going from 24 per cent to 17.4 per cent) and Eastern Europe (from 9.4 per cent to 5.3 per cent).
Italy has been on a rollercoaster under the last three popes. John Paul reduced Italians to 16.5 per cent of the college. Benedict brought them back up to 24 per cent, and now Francis has put them back down to 17.4 per cent, still higher than at the end of John Paul’s papacy.
Similarly, the Roman Curia has gone from 24 per cent of the college at the end of John Paul’s papacy to 35 per cent under Benedict and back to 24 per cent under Francis.
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Europe now makes up 42 per cent of the college, down from 52 per cent in the 2013 conclave. Despite these losses, Italy and the rest of Europe will still hold a major bloc of votes at the next conclave.
Francis has shown no preference to his own part of the world. Latin America has about 16 per cent of the electors, almost the same as in 2013. All of Latin America has fewer electors than Italy. John Paul II did not show such restraint in appointing cardinals from Eastern Europe.
The United States has also lost representation: 7.6 per cent, down from 9.4 per cent at the 2013 conclave.
Each pope puts his own stamp on the College of Cardinals, looking for prelates who support his views on where the church should go. Francis has now appointed 63 per cent of the cardinal electors; 29 per cent were appointed by Benedict and eight per cent by John Paul.
The odds are now in favour of having another pope who will continue Francis’ policies, but you never know how cardinals will vote once they enter a conclave.
Rev Thomas J Reese, a Jesuit priest, is a senior analyst at RNS.
