ESSAY: INTELLIGENT DESIGN - TIME FOR A PROPER SCIENTIFIC DEBATE

23rd August, 2005

BARNEY ZWARTZ


Opponents of intelligent design theories fear the evolution debate has been hijacked by the fundamentalists. I fear they are right, but it's scientistic (blind faith in science) fundamentalists, not religious.

Intelligent design theorists say evolution is largely demonstrable but is not the result of mere chance. The traditional account of a steady but gradual development, they say, is at odds with the incredible complexity of even the simplest cell, whose structures are interdependent and could not develop without each other.

Intelligent design theorists also point to the "anthropic principle", the recognition in the past 30 years that all the seemingly arbitrary constants in physics have one strange thing in common - they are precisely the values needed for the universe to produce life.

The concept of intelligent design was developed by non-Christian scientists such as molecular biologist Michael Behe, not because of the presuppositions of faith but because science took them there, through difficulties in making the facts fit the theory. (This, after all, is how scientific progress is supposed to happen.)

The trouble is that evolution is an absolute article of faith with some scientists, at least as deep-rooted as God is with creationists. They believe science has or will have the answer to everything, and no other discourse is needed.

Take scientist Richard Dawkins, as extreme an anti-religious bigot as I've come across, who says anyone who doesn't believe in evolution is either stupid, insane or wicked. That's a radical moral judgement for a cool, dispassionate believer in rationality.

I suspect the reason for this clenched-fist, eyes-shut commitment to an evolution beyond questioning is that it is the only counter-explanation to God for the existence of life. Doubt that, and the chasm beckons. It is not science that drives people such as Dawkins but an obsession psychologists might be best equipped to explain.

Let me emphasise that I am not against science, which is in general a brilliantly successful and beneficial field of human endeavour, and I do not fear its findings. Nor do I deny evolution. But it must be qualified.

What scientists should properly say is that evolution is the best explanation we have for the development of life, but it has lacunae and difficulties. Thus, like other "best explanations", such as Newtonian physics, it should be open to question.

But let anyone, theist or not, suggest this and hear the howls emerge from the temples of science and watch the defensive artillery deployed even before the arguments are digested. Take the case of Rick Sternberg, who was hounded out of his job as editor of the Smithsonian Institution's journal after publishing a piece sympathetic to intelligent design theory.

Sternberg got the usual approval from three scientific peers, but the article - on the pre-Cambrian fossil record - outraged the academic establishment because the American Association for the Advancement of Science has proclaimed that intelligent design is "unscientific by definition". And here's the point, put by the paper's author, Stephen Meyer: "Rather than critique the paper on its scientific merits, they appeal to a doctrinal statement." The case demonstrates fundamentalist evolutionists' insecurity. As Meyer says: "You don't resort to authoritarianism if you can answer it." Galileo, here we go again.

Philosopher Anthony Flew, one of the world's most famous atheists, said last year that scientific developments, particularly in DNA, had led him to accept intelligent design. But he has not become a Christian.

That's because these are separate debates. Intelligent design may have theological implications beyond science, but that's not the business of scientists. Their business is to examine the arguments of irreducible complexity with an open mind. And suppose they do find evidence of design, then its author may be beyond the realms of science.

Now it is true that religious fundamentalists in the United States have seized on intelligent design and pushed it beyond science, but its claims shouldn't be discredited simply because of its fellow travellers.

Writing in The Age newspaper recently, Melbourne University lecturer Robert Marshall attacked intelligent design as fundamentalist religious zealotry under another guise, and said the designer was an unprovable assertion. Certainly it is - and his counter-proposal of mere chance is equally unprovable. Chance does not produce changes; you need cause and effect for that.

I agree that theology must not enter scientific endeavour. I want the intelligent design debate to be properly scientific. And I want proponents of science to stop claiming, as some do, that the answers in every field of human life lie within science.

Marshall says science deals with how, not why. If only scientists all really did that - and only that.

Barney Zwartz is religion editor at The Age (www.theage.com.au).


Your Say

Comment left by answersingenesis.org
It’s intelligent, but is that good enough?
An interesting movement within the creation versus evolution debate has been receiving increasing coverage by both the secular and Christian press (e.g., World magazine, Feb. 26).
Called the “Intelligent Design” movement, it is led by scholars who argue that the design of living systems—and even the nonliving elements of the universe—suggest a Designer. While these “intelligent design” proponents have been effective in challenging evolutionary theory, and may indeed be making some inroads in the secular academic world, we’re not sure how effective the movement will be in the long run in changing many people’s hearts—or indeed restoring the foundations of our decaying culture.
Because most of the leaders of the intelligent design movement (see short bios below) are not fully Bible-believing scientists and researchers, their primary thrust is not to convince people that the Bible is totally true from its very first verse, including its gospel message. Also, while it is difficult to judge the motives of each one, we don’t see much evidence that these well-intentioned scholars are using their abilities to point people to the most important aspect of who the Creator of the universe is: that Jesus Christ is Savior. In terms of eternity, what does it really profit if a person accepts there is a Creator, but doesn’t recognize that He is foremost Christ the Redeemer (Colossians 1)?
Knowing the sinful heart of man, we believe it’s even possible that the next generation of scientists may come to believe in some sort of vague, New Age designing intelligence that has been manipulating DNA over billions of years—so long as this “intelligence” is not the God of the Bible, who is not only Savior, but also Judge.
At AiG, our commitment is to share the truths and accuracy of the Bible—starting with Genesis, in which is found the foundational logic for all the rest of Christian doctrine—with the hope that people will go far beyond just a recognition that there is a Creator (almost 90% of Americans do anyway, but most are not born-again as the Bible would describe).
AiG faced a situation some four years ago that can help illustrate this point. AiG lecturers were invited to speak in a Muslim country on creation, but a number of restrictions were placed on what we could say. We could not bring up biblical doctrine—especially the gospel message—in any of the talks, and were requested to speak only on the scientific aspects of the creation versus evolution controversy. Even though this would have been a receptive audience (most orthodox Muslims believe in creation), we nevertheless declined their kind invitation.
You see, our purpose as a ministry is not just to convince people that there is a Creator, but that He is far more than that—that the Creator is Christ, and is the only way to be saved.
Furthermore, if we were merely to share with Muslims that their view of origins is correct, it would most likely only solidify their belief in the teachings of Islam, and therefore they would be even less responsive to the gospel message.
In the February 26 issue of World magazine, four prominent “intelligent design” scholars were listed.
1. Phillip Johnson, a U.C. Berkeley law professor, is the author of the excellent book Darwin on Trial. In just a few weeks, his new book The Wedge of Truth—which examines the fundamental questions that he thinks people should be debating in the creation/evolution controversy—will be released. Mr. Johnson does not appear, however, to take Genesis as written; in fact, he disassociated himself from AiG’s teaching that dinosaurs and man lived together while appearing on the PBS-TV program “Firing Line” about 3 years ago.
2. Dr. Michael Behe, author of Darwin’s Black Box, has demonstrated that living cells are “irreducibly complex.” That simply means that for a structure to work at all, all parts of it have to be already in place. The slow changes proposed by evolution could not form complex living cells, Dr. Behe argues. A Roman Catholic, Dr. Behe has told us he has no problem with the idea that all organisms, including man, descended from a common ancestor over billions of years. While he does think that a creative intelligence is necessary for explaining the origin of various biochemical systems, and has written devastatingly powerful arguments against the standard evolutionary notion that all this happened “by itself,” it is clear that he does not believe Genesis in the way that the Lord Jesus Christ and the New Testament writers obviously did, as real history.
3. Dr. William Dembski of Texas is known as a brilliant mathematician. His best-known work is The Design Inference. Although he believes in a Designer and is a Christian, he tries to discuss the creation versus evolution issue in public without even mentioning the Bible, the source book of absolute truth.
4. Dr. Steve Meyer of Spokane, Washington, is a specialist in the philosophy of science. One of the better communicators within the intelligent design movement, Dr. Meyer has demonstrated that there is incredible evidence for design in the makeup of the DNA molecule (his book DNA by Design will be published later this year).
Conclusion
The above scholars are having an impact in exposing the scientific bankruptcy of evolution theory, and their work can be usefully (though carefully) used by creation ministries as an adjunct to the work of truly Bible-believing researchers and scientists. However, it should always be kept in mind that they are merely rejecting evolution (or at any rate the “random” explanation of evolution) in favor of a generic notion of intelligent design, and this does not go far enough. The facts are not put by them into a worldview framework based on the real history of the Bible. In fact, as a movement, it has not presented a unified worldview with which to challenge the dominant worldview of the atheistic, evolutionary scientific establishment.
At AiG, one of our primary thrusts is to build a totally Christian way of thinking, to show believers and unbelievers alike how the world may be properly understood through the “glasses” of the Bible; to show, for instance, that the facts of the real world line up with the Bible’s teaching that the obedient Last Adam shed His blood in death to overcome the curse of death and bloodshed brought in by the disobedience of the First Adam.
All the “intelligent design” theorists we know of do not take a stand on the issue of millions of years, and some openly proclaim their belief in an old world. This undermines the gospel message, because it puts death and bloodshed prior to the First Adam. This gospel message is central to the Bible, and ultimately, it is the Word of God that will not return void (Isaiah 55:11), not the words of scholars who present arguments for intelligent design, no matter how eloquent.
Comment left by JK
Romans 1:18 The wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by their wickedness, 19since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them. 20For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse.

21For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools


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